The kidneys help filter waste and excess fluid from the blood and support important functions such as blood pressure regulation. Some kidney conditions progress quietly, particularly in the early stages. People with diabetes, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease or a family history of kidney disease may need screening based on a clinician’s advice.
Possible symptoms
Advanced kidney problems may cause swelling, changes in urination, fatigue, nausea or shortness of breath. These symptoms can also occur with other conditions. Do not wait for symptoms if a healthcare professional has recommended screening because of your risk factors.
Which tests may be used?
Clinicians may check blood creatinine and estimate kidney filtration (eGFR), test urine for albumin, and measure blood pressure. Results are interpreted together and sometimes repeated; one abnormal result does not always establish chronic kidney disease.
Ways to support kidney health
- Keep blood pressure and blood glucose within the targets agreed with your clinician.
- Drink fluids according to your needs and medical advice; people with some heart or kidney conditions may need individual fluid guidance.
- Avoid frequent or unnecessary use of pain medicines such as NSAIDs without professional advice, especially if you have kidney risks.
- Do not use unverified “kidney detox” products or supplements.
- Attend recommended tests and follow-up visits.
When to get help
Seek urgent care for severe breathing difficulty, confusion, very little urine with illness, or rapidly worsening swelling. Contact a clinician for persistent urinary changes or other concerning symptoms.
Frequently asked questions
Can I tell kidney health from urine colour alone?
No. Urine appearance alone cannot reliably measure kidney function.
Do all people need kidney screening?
Screening depends on age, risk factors and medical history; ask your healthcare professional what is appropriate.
Further reading: NIDDK kidney disease resources.
Medical disclaimer: This article provides general information and is not a substitute for medical diagnosis or treatment.
